Ancestral Lineages of the Malays

Malay is a Race recognizable in Malayunesia (or Malay Archipelago) and found dominance in Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia.

Indonesian Javanese (ancestral lineage of 88.6% Formosan, 1.9% Polynesian, 1.9% Micronesian, 3.8% Turkic, Others 6.8%)

Filipino (ancestral lineage of 82.1% Formosan, 10.3% Polynesian, 2.6% Micronesian, 2.6% Turkic, Others 2.6%)

Malaysian Malay (ancestral lineage of 66.7% Formosan, 11.1% Polynesian, 11.1% Micronesian, 5.6% Turkic, 5.6% Others)

Malays find and owe their ancestral lineages to Formosan (Taiwanese Aborigines), as well as Polynesian, Micronesian and Turkic. That Melayunesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia together form Austronesia that covers about half of the entire global area, sea included.

A typical Malay Race carries Formosan lineage (Y-DNA Haplogroup O) of between 66.7% (Malaysian Malay) to 88.6% (Indonesian Javanese), Polynesian lineage (Y-DNA Haplogroup C) of between 1.9% (Indonesian Javanese) to 11.1% (Malaysian Malay), Micronesian lineage (Y-DNA Haplogroup K) of between 1.9% (Indonesian Javanese) to 11.1% (Malaysian Malay), and Turkic lineage of between 2.6% (Filipino) to 5.6% (Malaysian Malay).

Formosan, or Taiwanese Aborigines (ancestral lineage of 100% haplogroup O)

Polynesian of Cook Islanders (ancestral lineage of Y-DNA haplogroup: 83.3% of C, 7.5% of K, 4.6% of O, 2.8% of R, 1.8% of P)

Micronesian (ancestral lineage of Y-DNA haplogroup: 65.6% of K, 18.7% of C, 9.4% of O, 6.3% of Others)

Melanesian of Western Papua New Guinea Highlander (ancestral lineage of Y-DNA haplogroup: 74.5% of M, 24.5% of C, 1.1% of O)

Turkic of Kyrgyztan (ancestral lineage of Y-DNA haplogroup: 65.4% of R, 13.5% of C, 1.9% of K, 7.7% of O, 11.5% of Others)

This Formosan or Taiwanese Aborigines lineage (Y-DNA Haplogroup O-M175 is also shared by other nationalities in Asia-Oceania region. Listed below are nationalities that carry 60% or more of Formosan or Taiwanese Aborigines lineage, while similarly carrying Y-DNA lineages of Micronesian (Haplogroup K), Polynesian (Haplogroup C), and/or Turkic (HaplogroupR):

1. Taiwanese – 92.3% Formosan, 3.8% Polynesian, 3.8% Micronesian
2. Vietnamese – 91% Formosan, 9.1% Polynesian
3. Chinese – 83% Formosan, 11.1% Micronesian, 5.6% Polynesian
4. Korean -  64% Formosan, 12% Polynesian, 8% Micronesian, 4% Turkic, 12% Others
5. Tongan – 60% Formosan, 23% Polynesian, 10% Micronesian, 8% Melanesian

Whilst Formosan or Taiwanese Aborigines carry 100% Haplogroup ‘O’ lineage, Polynesian of Cook Islanders were found to carry 83.3% Haplogroup ‘C’ lineage, Micronesian carries 65.6%  Haplogroup ‘K’ lineage, Melanesian of Western New Guinea Highlanders carries 74.5% Haplogroup ‘M’ lineage, and Turkic of Kyrgyztan carries 65.4% of Haplogroup ‘R’ lineage. That they too, amongst them, do carry Taiwanese Aborigine ancestral lineage of between 1.1% (Melanesian of Western New Guinea Islander) to  7.7% (Turkic of Kyrgyztan).

It is interesting to note that Micronesian, Melanesian (of WNG Highlander) and Turkic (of Kyrgyztan) amongst them do carry  Y-DNA Haplogroup ‘C’ ancestry – found dominant in Polynesian Cook Islander (83.3%) –  of  between 13.5% (Turkic of Kyrgyztan) and  24.5% (Melanesian of Western New Guinea Highlander).

Haplogroup C originated in southern Asia and spread in all directions. This particular ancestral lineage colonized Austronesia and Australia, north Asia, and currently is found with its highest diversity in populations of India, as well as Americas.

Apparently, the Malai (Malay) race of the Mala Land (Malaya) is a mixed race of ancestral lineages that are linked to Turkic Israelite’s race (Y-DNA haplogroup ‘R’); Formosan (Y-DNA haplogroup ‘O’), Micronesian (Y-DNA haplogroup ‘K’) and Polynesian (Y-DNA haplogroup ‘C’’) of south- east and east Asian race.

It is strongly believe that Polynesians are descendants of ancient Scythian or Scyths race.

That makes Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese (who does not carry Y-DNA haplogroup ‘R’) very much related, whilst Malays are identical with the Japanese and the Korean (who both also carry Y-DNA haplogroup ‘R’ as well).

That ‘Malaysia is truly Asia’ is essentially based on ‘Malay is truly Asian’.

Haplogroup O-M175, which is the Haplogroup O defined by mutation M175 has various subclades as follows:

Haplogroup O1a-M119 (Austro-Tai): Found frequently among Austronesian peoples, Kradai peoples, and Ethnic minorities in China.

This lineage is presumed to be a marker of the prehistoric Austronesian expansion, with possible origins encompassing the regions along the southeastern coast of China and neighboring Taiwan, and is found among modern populations of Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania. The great majority of Y-chromosomes within Haplogroup O1 belong to its subgroup O1a (M119).

Haplogroup O2a-M95 (Austro-Asiatic): Found frequently among Austro-Asiatic peoples, Kradai peoples, the Khmers of Cambodia, Indonesians, the Balinese of Indonesia, Malays, and Malagasy, with a moderate distribution throughout South Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia,

Haplogroup O2a1-M88: Found frequently among Hani, She people, Tai peoples, Cambodians, and Vietnamese, with a moderate distribution among Qiang, Yi, Hlai, Miao, Yao, Taiwanese aborigines, and Han Chinese.

Haplogroup O2a1a-PK4: Found with low frequency among Pashtuns, Tharus, and tribals of Andhra Pradesh.

Haplogroup O2b (SRY465, M176): Found almost exclusively among the Korean, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese and Indonesian.

Haplogroup O2b1-47z: Found frequently among Japanese and Ryukyuans, with a moderate distribution among Indonesians, Koreans, Manchus, Thais, and Vietnamese.

Haplogroup O3a3b-M7 (Hmong-Mien): Found frequently among Ancient Daxi culture and modern Hmong-Mien peoples, with a moderate distribution among Han Chinese,Buyei,Bai, Mosuo, Tibetans, Qiang, Oroqen, Tujia, Thai, Orang Asli, western Indonesians, Malaysians, Vietnamese, and Atayal.

Haplogroup O3a3c-M134 (Sino-Tibetan): Found frequently among Sino-Tibetan peoples, with a moderate distribution throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.

References:

‘Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated With Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands’ By MURRAY P. COX* AND MARTA MIRAZON LAHR, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY 18:35–50 (2006)

Return to Ancestral Homeland

This Y Haplogroups world map shows that Malays of the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as the Han Chinese of South China, who all share the dominant Y-DNA Haplogroup ‘O’, are actually blood-brothers, so to speak.

This Y Haplogroup map, as the results of massive DNA sampling exercise from participating male population of the various countries and regions of the world, is about Y-chromosome (Y-DNA), inherited exclusively from father to son in an unaltered fashion for many generations, which allow geneticists to identify very old lineages and ancient ethnicities.

Apparently, the Han Chinese community in Southern China were immigrants, whose ancestors once lived in the Malay Archipelago. And that these Han Chinese arrivals in the 19th and 20th century into Singapore and Malaysia were actually a return to an ancestral homeland that had been long abandoned.

Now the Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese, or rather Chinese Malay, so to speak, may have the uphill task to learn to live with descendents of their Malay ancestors who had long been forgotten, and to relearn the ancestral Malay language and culture to be accepted as long lost relatives of the Malays.

My great grandmother, a Han Chinese, who came from Guangdong China to Malaysia to then converted to Islam and married to a Javanese from Indonesia to start a big family here, may well be the case of balik kampung (return to the homeland)!

Another map below depicts Y-DNA of Haplogroup O-M175 only, to show clearly Malay lineage and Homeland in South-East Asia and Malay migration (perhaps originating from the Philippines by sea) that extends deep into Asian Continent.

This haplogroup O-M175 appears in 80-90% of most of populations in East Asia and Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region.  M175 is almost nonexistent in Western Siberia, Western Asia, Europe, and Africa and is completely absent from the Americas, although certain subclades of Haplogroup O do achieve significant frequencies among some populations of South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175 in 2.5% (one out of 40 individuals) of a sample of Tajiks in Samarkand, 4.5% (1/22) of Crimean Tatars in Uzbekistan, 1.5% (1/68) of Uzbeks in Surkhandarya, 1.4% (1/70) of Uzbeks in Khorezm, 12.5% (2/16) of Tajiks in Dushanbe, 1.9% (1/54) of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan, 4.9% (2/41) of Uyghurs in Kazakhstan.

Whilst Another Y-DNA Haplogroup map that comes with lineage frequency table provides the more detailed analysis of 28 selected population groups as follows:

To simplify lineage comparisons, I have replaced the haplogroup code with the nationality having the highest lineage frequency of that particular Y-DNA haplogroup, and  ranked them accordingly to produce following interesting results:

1. Taiwanese – 92.3% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 3.8% Cook Islander, 3.8% Solomon Islander
2. Vietnamese – 91% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 9.1% Cook Islander
3. Javanese – 88.6% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 1.9% Cook Islander, 1.9% Solomon Islander, Others 7.6%
4. Chinese – 83% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 11.1% Solomon islander, 5.6% cook islander
5. Filipino – 82.1% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 10.3% Cook Islander, 2.6% Solomon Islander, Others 5.2%
6. S. Bornean – 75% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 10% Solomon Islander, 5% Cook Islander, 10% Others
7. Malaysian  – 66.7% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 11.1% Cook Islander, 11.1% Solomon Islander, 11.2% Others
8. Korean -  64% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 12% cook islander, 8% Solomon islander, 16% others
9. Tongan – 60% Taiwanese (Aborigines), 23% Cook Islander, 10% Solomon Islander, 8% Western New Guinea Lowlander

It is established that Taiwanese Aborigines carry 100% Haplogroup O(M175), Cook Islanders carry 83.3% Haplogroup C(M130), Solomon Islanders (Malaita Province) carry 66.7%  Haplogroup K(M9*), and Western New Guinea Lowlanders carry 77.5% Haplogroup M(M4/M106).

Meanwhile, the fact that Chinese is ranked #4 behind Taiwanese, Vietnamese and Javanese, for instance, indicates there was a back-migration earlier to China from South East Asia.  Otherwise how come Chinese carry with them traces of  lineages similar to the general characteristics of South East Asians in respect of Solomon Islander and/or Cook Islander, apart from Taiwanese Aborigines.

References:

‘Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated With Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands’, By MURRAY P. COX* AND MARTA MIRAZON LAHR, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY 18:35–50 (2006)

‘DNA suggests China Chinese originated from Southeast Asia’, By Farhan Ali (2009)

‘Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)’, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

‘Y Haplogroups of the World’, Copyright © 2005 J. D. McDonald